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⚛️ 电子排布式计算器Electron Configuration Calculator
输入元素符号、中文/英文名称或原子序数（1–118），给出基态电子排布式、稀有气体简写、各电子层电子数和最外层（主量子数最大的电子层）电子数，并按实测数据处理铬、铜等例外；也可输入离子电荷。Enter an element symbol, name or atomic number (1–118) to get its ground-state electron configuration, noble-gas shorthand, electrons per shell and the electrons in the outermost shell (highest n) — with measured exceptions such as chromium and copper — and optionally an ion charge.
使用说明与常见问题How-to & FAQ
「电子排布式计算器」是什么？What is the Electron Configuration Calculator tool?
输入元素符号、中文/英文名称或原子序数（1–118），给出基态电子排布式、稀有气体简写、各电子层电子数和最外层（主量子数最大的电子层）电子数，并按实测数据处理铬、铜等例外；也可输入离子电荷。Enter an element symbol, name or atomic number (1–118) to get its ground-state electron configuration, noble-gas shorthand, electrons per shell and the electrons in the outermost shell (highest n) — with measured exceptions such as chromium and copper — and optionally an ion charge.
如何使用「电子排布式计算器」？How do I use the Electron Configuration Calculator tool?
在「电子排布式计算器」中，填写「元素（符号、名称或原子序数）」、「离子电荷（可选，如 2 或 -1）」等参数，结果会随输入实时计算并显示在下方。In the Electron Configuration Calculator: Fill in "Element (symbol, name or atomic number)", "Ion charge (optional, e.g. 2 or -1)"; results are recalculated instantly as you type.
电子排布按什么顺序？What filling order is used?
按构造原理（马德隆规则）：n + l 小的先填，n + l 相同时 n 小的先填，即 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 4f 5d 6p 7s 5f 6d 7p。The Aufbau (Madelung) rule: lower n + l first, and for equal n + l lower n first — 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 4f 5d 6p 7s 5f 6d 7p.
为什么铬和铜是例外？Why are chromium and copper exceptions?
半充满（d⁵）和全充满（d¹⁰）的 d 亚层能量更低，所以 Cr 是 [Ar] 3d⁵ 4s¹、Cu 是 [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s¹。工具内置了 Cr、Cu、Nb、Mo、Ru、Rh、Pd、Ag、La、Ce、Gd、Pt、Au、Ac、Th、Pa、U、Np、Cm、Lr 等实测例外（NIST 数据）。Half-filled (d⁵) and filled (d¹⁰) d subshells are lower in energy, so Cr is [Ar] 3d⁵ 4s¹ and Cu is [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s¹. Measured exceptions (NIST data) are built in for Cr, Cu, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, La, Ce, Gd, Pt, Au, Ac, Th, Pa, U, Np, Cm and Lr.
离子怎么算？How are ions handled?
阳离子先从最高主量子数 n 的轨道失去电子（过渡金属先失 4s 再失 3d，例如 Fe³⁺ 为 [Ar] 3d⁵）；阴离子按构造原理继续填充。Cations lose electrons from the highest n first — transition metals lose 4s before 3d, so Fe³⁺ is [Ar] 3d⁵; anions keep filling in Aufbau order.
计算结果可以用于作业或工程吗？Can I use the results for homework or engineering?
「电子排布式计算器」使用教科书标准公式（公式写在说明和常见问题中），适合学习和估算核对；涉及安全的工程设计请以规范和实测为准。The Electron Configuration Calculator uses standard textbook formulas (given in the description and FAQ), which is good for learning and checking estimates; for safety-critical engineering follow codes and measured values.
「电子排布式计算器」免费吗？需要注册吗？Is the Electron Configuration Calculator free? Do I need an account?
「电子排布式计算器」完全免费，无需注册或安装，打开网页即可使用，手机和电脑都能用；输入的内容只在你的浏览器本地处理。The Electron Configuration Calculator is completely free with no sign-up or install and works on phones and desktops; what you enter is processed only in your browser.